?Foreign Exchange Markets ??” A General Overview and Structure of the Forex Market

In the beginning countries would trade with each other using the barter system. If one nation needed lumber but had cattle, they would trade one product for another. This was pure trading. This type of economy has many limitations, but served mankind well for many centuries. However, nations quickly saw the benefit of having a system of exchange, and while some cultures used pretty rocks, or animal teeth, precious metals quickly became established methods of exchange. God and silver were the most popular. Initially gold and silver coins were used, and in fact the name of the British standard currency, the pound sterling, came from the Hasterling region where gold coins were made, and originally meant coins of the Hasterling’s. Up until World War I most nations had central banks that supported the value of their currencies and most used gold as the standard. Paper money was printed and it legally could be exchanged for gold but this did not often happen. Since it was rarely converted, some banks and some nations believed they no longer needed to keep reserves of gold in their vaults, as the US once did with Fort Knox. Inflation then occurred.

Near the end of World War II a conference known as Bretton woods had many nations reach an agreement on a reserve currency system based on the US dollar. The World Bank and other organizations agreed, and a fixed exchange rate system was reached. The value of the dollar was fixed on a certain amount of gold, and other currencies were fixed on value to the dollar. Currency trading after this however has evolved and currencies have grown in value, and gone down in value, leading to fluctuation.

Today traders take advantage of the fluctuation in value among currencies through the forex or foreign currency markets. It is quite common to see a trader who suspects that the value of the Euro will go up against the yen or the dollar and follow the old axiom of “buy low and sell high.” On of the ways this is done is through margin trading. With margin trading a trader doesn’t have to have all the money in an account that is being traded. If a trader has 10,000 and works with a one percent margin, he is able to trade $100,000 in currency. This adds great leverage to the trade and makes forex trading very attractive to many who are looking for a large and quick return on their investments. Forex traders are also attracted to the low costs associated with trading since most trades are without commission. The fact that there is a 24 hour trading cycle is also attractive to many. Traders have opportunities for large profit, but they also have risk inherent. An aggressive trader may experience profit and loss swings of up to 30% in a day. This can be 30% to the good, or to the bad, so forex trading requires education and courage as well as capital. However there are no daily limits and no restrictions on trading hours other than the weekend when markets are closed. For this reason there are always opportunities. Money will always be made.

Much of the forex trading that occurs however is not with individual investors or speculators. Many commercial organizations have currency exposures that are created due to import and export activities. This is reason enough for many to engage in forex trading. However, financial institutions remain the biggest players in the forex market. Banks, brokers, mutual funds and other major financial institutions are actively involved in forex trading.

Some nations in the past have complained about hedge funds and other large institutions involved in forex trading, saying that they have intentionally devalued their currencies to make quick profits. George Soros, the famous billionaire who is involved in politics, has been accused of this practice by the government of Indonesia. Whether it is true or not, and if true whether it should or should not be done is not for this article. However, when institutions control such large amounts of money, the chance of manipulation does exist. As long as foreign currency is traded, there will be such accusations. However, the forex market remains a way to achieve substantial financial gain.

Forex Trading Features

If you are interested in trading Forex, you should look into what each broker offers in Forex trading features. There are plenty of brokerage houses that you can trade Forex from and each of them offer different Forex trading features.

Forex trading features can be an integral part of how you choose to trade, do research and invest in Forex. Forex stands for the foreign exchange market and the Forex market is the largest financial market in the world with 1.9 trillion dollars worth of trades each day. Forex doesn’t have a central market where trading takes place, so Forex continues 24 hours a day no matter where you live. Many day traders and small investment firms trade Forex because of its ease of trading and great brokerage houses that make available to their members great Forex trading features.

If you are looking for a Forex Broker, here are some great Forex trading features that you may find; 24 hours customer service, no slippage on market orders, leverage, stop loss and limit orders.

24 hours customer service is a must have in any trading platform, and most Forex brokers usually do a great job delivering great answers to your service and technical needs. Slippage on market orders means that when you trade in real time, you lock in your market order and that you pay the price quoted or bid for.

Leverage is a financial tool where you can bet many times the amount of money that you have in your account. Many brokers allow you to leverage up to 200 times. If you have $1,000 in your account with a buying leverage of 10, you can trade $10k. Stop loss and limit orders means that you can customize your buying and trading to buy only at a certain price and sell when a stock drops or rises to a certain price. So take a look at the above Forex trading features for a great way to trade Forex.

Currency Option Marketplace

A currency option is a contract that gives the holder the right, but not the obligation to buy or sell a specified currency during a specific time period. It can be used to hedge a FOREX transaction and are a favoured method of reducing risk in companies that trade goods overseas.

There are two basic types of option: Call options and Put options. A call option gives the holder the right to buy a currency while a put option gives the holder the right to sell.

The worth of an option at expiry is equal to the value realised by the holder in exercising the option. If the holder gains nothing, the option is worth nothing. The value at any other time of the contract duration is the ‘intrinsic value’ – the value that can be realized if the holder exercises his option.

Intrinsic value is linked to the ‘strike price’ – the value specified by the option contract. A call option has intrinsic value if the spot (current) price is above the strike price. A put option has intrinsic value if the spot price is below the strike price.

If the option contract has intrinsic value it is said to be ‘in the money’, otherwise it is ‘out of the money’ or ‘at the money’ (at par). Options would only be exercised if they are in the money.

Options are priced according to complex formulas that take into consideration both the spot value and time value. Time value is calculated according to expected market conditions including volatility and the difference in interest rates between the two currencies. Options must be priced low enough to attract potential buyers and high enough to attract potential writers (the sellers or guarantors of the option).

Currency options are used in FOREX to minimize risk against unexpected moves in the market. If you buy an option your losses are limited to the cost of the option. Those who sell options are more vulnerable. They gain the premium but they are exposed to unlimited loss if the market moves against them.

As a hedging tool, there are many different types of options available. They are often used by companies that trade overseas to minimize the potential for loss due to fluctuations in the foreign exchange market.

FOREX trades have a special type of option available known as a Digital Option. This option pays a specified amount at expiration if the criteria are met, otherwise it pays nothing.

FOREX traders who wish to use a digital option first decide which direction the market is moving. They then decide on a payoff amount if the market moves as expected within a certain time frame. With this information the cost of the option is calculated.

For example:

The price of the euro is currently trading at about 1.2400 and you expect it to rise to 1.2800 within 3 months. You decide to buy a put digital option with a payoff of $5000. The cost of the option is $800.

If at the end of the 3 months the euro is more than 1.2800 you get $5000. If the price is less, you lose $800.

?The Top Currencies to Watch in the Forex Trading Game

The prices of currency are influenced by a number of reasons, like political and economic conditions in the issuing country. Interest rates, inflation and political stability are all factors in the prices of any currency. Although governments can try to control their currency prices by lowering the price, this is also called flooding the market, or by raising the price and buying on a large-scale. Although the volume of forex is sizable, it’s still impossible to have any control of a market for any length time and because market forces normally prevail in the long run, forex has become one of the fairest investment opportunities made available.

In the world of forex, each currency is given its own three letter code that is used in the forex quotes. The most common and widely used currencies used in the forex market are USD (U.S. dollars), GBP (United Kingdom pounds), JPY (Japanese yen), CAD (Canadian dollars), EUR (European euros), AUD (Australian dollars) and CHF (Swiss francs). These currencies have been the top foreign currencies to watch in the forex trading game. The prices of the foreign currency exchanges are specified in pairs by the forex quotes. By using a currency pair of U.S. dollars and European euros in the example below, the first currency is called the base (which is always at 1) and the second currency is called the quote (which shows how much it costs to buy one unit of the USD, or base currency):

USD/EUR = 0.8419

When reversed, this is the cost of USD to buy one euro:

EUR/USD = 1.1882

The base currency is growing stronger when the price of the quote currency goes up, therefore only one unit of the base currency can buy more of the quote currency. However, if the quote currency begins to fall then the base currency will become weaker. All forex quotes are perceived as a “ask” or a “bid” price. The ask price is what sellers will sell the base currency at, while at the same time be buying the quote currency. The bid price is what the buyers will pay for the base currency, also while selling the quote currency. For example, a symbol bid ask of:

USD/CAD 1.2392 1.2397

This shows that you can buy one U.S. dollar for 1.2397 Canadian dollars, or you can also sell one U.S. dollar for 1.2392 Canadian dollars. You can find the exchange rates in cross country charts that list numerous types of currencies with their values against one another. There are also currency conversion calculators, all of which are readily available online.

Along with the U.S. dollar, United Kingdom pound, Japanese yen, Canadian dollars, European euros, Australian dollars and Swiss francs as some of the top currencies to watch in the forex trading game; some new currencies have been emerging. Be sure to keep an eye out on these emerging currencies: CNY (China yuan), CZK (Czech koruna), HKD (Hong Kong dollar), HUF (Hungarian Forint), INR (Indian Rupee), KRW (Korean Won), MXN (Mexican Peso), PLN (Polish Zloty), SGD (Singapore dollar), ZAR (South African Rand), and THB (Thai Baht). These currencies may not be one of the top currencies now, but they can make for some good investments. Taking two examples out of all of the emerging currencies:

The China yuan is only limited to financial institutions and onshore companies and is not liquid. Currently the USD/CNY rate is about 8.2770 and is being closely managed by the central bank (PBOC). The Chinese government has resisted all calls for them to revalue their currency; but as the Chinese government continues to strengthen their banking systems and make reforms in their economic policies, there is likely to be a possible call for opening spot trading. The interbank money market does not go beyond four months.

The Czech koruna is a convertible, yet free floating currency that has been floating around since May 1997. All foreign investors have unrestricted access to these local markets. London banks continue to be very active in currency trading and accounts for nearly 60% of the daily turnover. This market is liquid for about five years. The Interest Rate Swaps, or the IRS, is mainly driven by offshore banks.

?How to Use a Relative Strength Analysis in Forex Trading

The relative strength analysis is a technical report that allows investors and brokers to make informed decisions about trading on the Forex. The Forex, also known as the FX or foreign exchange market is the most liquid of all markets in the world. Over two trillion dollars changes hands everyday through the foreign exchange market. There are many factors that affect both the stock market and the foreign exchange market.

When investors and brokers look at the relative strength analysis, they are getting a picture of how the trends in the Forex should go. This analysis allows brokers to see current trends in the foreign exchange market and allows them to know if they are interested in buying or selling currency at any given time. This can help an investor or financial institution make educated decisions on which markets are gaining and which ones are losing.

There are many factors that affect the exchange rate in the Forex. These factors can include political events, governmental policies, inflation, and current trends in the importing and exporting business, consumer opinions and even natural disasters all over the world. The relative strength analysis looks at all of these factors. The past trends in the Forex are also taken into consideration, but are not the only thing that is looked at when forecasting this type of market.

The relative strength analysis compares all foreign currency and the exchange rates every day. The report will then be sorted by their strength rating and ranked according the previous week’s rating. This report relies on at least 45 weeks of data so that sustained growth can be seen with ease. Using this analysis promises to be one of the most valuable tools of forecast the trends in the Forex. In addition, it can show the rating of stocks and rate them into which ones are the strongest. The stock market has a direct relation to the foreign exchange market because it reflects current trends in buying and selling, which will increase or decrease the value of currency.

The current trend in predicting the trends in the Forex is to use not only the relative strength analysis, but to also look at other factors such as the stock market barometers and economic factors. When investors and brokers look into all of these factors when forecasting the Forex, it makes for a highly reliable means of predicting trends. This can be the vital difference between making money and losing money on the foreign exchange market.

It is generally agreed that for a currency trader, it is important to understand how the methods and tools are used in both the Forex and the stock market. All currencies are different and the currency rate reflects the value of one currency in relation to another. When there is a noticeable change in the value of currency, one or both values will be affected. Using these methods of comparing the relative strength analysis to the Forex can offer currency traders with an opportunity to better forecast their trades.

There are several benefits to using the relative strength analysis when attempting to forecast the Forex. When an investor looks at the relative strength of a certain stock, it affects the foreign exchange rate. One with a strong relative strength is ideal, but the value on these will not be low. Investors can look at a stock that is increasing in values and used the relative strength to measure whether or not this particular stock is moving up because it has a history of increasing or if it has a sustained high value. Stocks with a good relative strength over a constant, steady time period are good performers in the Forex market.

When using the relative strength analysis in relation to the foreign currency exchange, it is possible to tell which markets are performing well and which ones are not. The key is finding the markets and currency that are moving up on the ranking scale. It is important to remember that like stocks, the Forex is affected by a variety of factors. The relative strength analysis can help investors find which ones are good investments. This report is based mostly on a stock’s closing price and the relative strength analysis is based on gains and losses. The report can calculate the markets report for any period in time.